The most significant power-alteration one can make to a weapon is tempering at Astral Springs. Theoretically, one can add up to 100 power to a weapon or armor using these springs, though the likelihood of getting the legendary 100 is very, very slim.
How slim, you ask? Well, one billion tests were run. Here are the results.
+0 : 311,810,790
+10 : 385,403,604
+20 : 214,347,317
+30 : 70,636,366
+40 : 15,281,223
+50 : 2,269,747
+60 : 233,629
+70 : 16,575
+80 : 715
+90 : 34
+100 : 0
That's right, out of one billion tests, none achieved the +100 mark.
When devising the final damage formula, I've taken into consideration every possible weapon upgrade, and settled around +20-30 as the "average". This is because it is fairly easy (statistically) to upgrade up to +30-40, and with a little difficulty, +40-50.
Of course, there will always be the extremely dedicated who may someday see that +100. I'm fairly excited to see how the community will react to such things.